“Children are resilient”, separating the mother and child would cause "emotional hardship" but would not "sever the bonds that have been established." seems to be the default position of immigration officers handling Humanitarian and Compassionate applications of non- custodial parents. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/saskatchewan/regina-mother-must-prove-bond-with-4-year-old-son-to-stave-off-deportation-1.5089308